Apologies for the confusion. Here’s the text with numbered lists instead of bullet points: Organic Matter:

1. Dead organic matter: These are organic materials formed from dead organic materials, resulting from chemical and microbial changes in deceased organisms.
2. Living organic matter: These are organic compounds formed from plant roots, plant residues, and microorganisms.

In the context of dead organic matter, this part of organic materials consists of humified organic matter and unhumified plant materials. Humus materials found in the soil can be divided into two parts:

1. Humic substances: These are a significant component of natural organic materials found in sedimentary deposits such as lake sediments, peat, lignite, and shales. They have a dark brown to dark brown color, which is due to the presence of humic substances. As a result, soils with high organic matter content have darker colors.
2. Non-humic organic substances: These include amino acids, carbohydrates, and lignin.

The application of organic matter in industry and agriculture is widespread. In agriculture, organic fertilizers play a crucial role in improving soil physical structure and health. These compounds, which are composed of large molecules capable of bonding with various elements, not only enhance mineral nutrient availability in the soil but also support beneficial soil microorganisms, particularly nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Furthermore, organic compounds enhance water and oxygen penetration in the soil due to their bonding with soil structural particles. They also compete with harmful cations like sodium, resulting in their leaching, ultimately leading to soil structure improvement. In essence, organic compounds increase the soil’s cation exchange capacity. The origin of organic matter in the soil is quite diverse, but the most important sources of soil organic matter are as follows:

1. Compounds derived from the decomposition of plant and animal organisms, such as decomposed plant parts and deceased organisms, which are transformed into organic carbon by soil microorganisms.
2. Processed compounds (compost) or unprocessed compounds (raw) with animal origin, such as animal manure and poultry droppings.
3. Compounds obtained from recycling processes, such as municipal compost and agricultural waste.
4. Compounds derived from Leonardite mines, which have a high percentage of humic and fulvic acids.

In this section, we have a comparison of two types of organic compounds that are industrially derived from plant and animal sources: Chicken Manure: Since ancient times, farmers have known that using organic compounds derived from bird and animal droppings can increase and improve their crop growth and yield. Therefore, these materials, after decomposition in the open air, were used as pre-planting fertilizers. This method, considering its advantages and disadvantages, was commonly used. To conduct a more detailed analysis of chicken manure, the average composition of chicken manure is reviewed in the table below.